: 18 As early as 1799, Arthur started playing the flute. He seemed to enjoy his two-year stay there, learning to speak French and fostering a life-long friendship with Jean Anthime Grégoire de Blésimaire. In 1797, Arthur was sent to Le Havre to live with the family of his father's business associate, Grégoire de Blésimaire.

Adele, Arthur's only sibling, was born on 12 July 1797. His firm continued trading in Danzig where most of their extended families remained. : 9 When Danzig became part of Prussia in 1793, Heinrich moved to Hamburg-a free city with a republican constitution. While they came from a Protestant background, neither of them were very religious : 79 both supported the French Revolution, : 13 were republicans, cosmopolitans and Anglophiles. Ducha 47), the son of Johanna Schopenhauer (née Trosiener 1766–1838) and Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer (1747–1805), both descendants of wealthy German patrician families.

Ducha (formerly Heiligegeistgasse)Īrthur Schopenhauer was born on 22 February 1788, in Danzig (then part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth present-day Gdańsk, Poland) on Heiligegeistgasse (present day Św. Those who have cited his influence include philosophers Emil Cioran, Friedrich Nietzsche and Ludwig Wittgenstein scientists Erwin Schrödinger and Albert Einstein psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung writers Leo Tolstoy, Herman Melville, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Machado de Assis, Jorge Luis Borges, Marcel Proust and Samuel Beckett and composers Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms, Arnold Schoenberg and Gustav Mahler. His writing on aesthetics, morality, and psychology have influenced many thinkers and artists. Though his work failed to garner substantial attention during his lifetime, Schopenhauer had a posthumous impact across various disciplines, including philosophy, literature, and science. His work has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism. He was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Indian philosophy, such as asceticism, denial of the self, and the notion of the world-as-appearance.

Building on the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that rejected the contemporaneous ideas of German idealism. He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind noumenal will. Arthur Schopenhauer ( / ˈ ʃ oʊ p ən h aʊər/ SHOH-pən-how-ər, German: ( listen) 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.

On human nature by arthur schopenhauer